Articles

Minerals are the building block of planet Earth. They are simply the essential fabric of our existence. For minerals to form you need the ingredients with which you build the…

Geology considers the immutability of fundamental physical processes across geologic time as one of its principles. This is widely referred to as the principle of uniformitarianism. The principle of uniformitarianism…

Plate tectonics is one of the greatest scientific achievements. It is one of the few scientific blueprints with great predictive and descriptive powers. This single comprehensive theory explains the causes…

Humans have been curious about the nature of the atmosphere for thousands of years. However, the effect of this enduring curiosity started to bear meaningful fruit only within the last four hundred years. This mixture of gases that sustained life for billions of years had been elusive to our ancestors. They, of course, did not doubt its existence. The transparency of it did not shadow the chilling breezes, the hurricanes, the tornadoes, the lightings, and the storms it caused. In fact, they moved with it – crossing oceans, seas and straits using boats fueled by winds – and diversified.